Israel’s Knesset has approved a highly divisive Basic Law declaring Torah study a “foundational value” of the Jewish people and the State of Israel, passing 63-52 amid fierce opposition and warnings it could entrench draft exemptions for ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) men.
The legislation, pushed by Haredi parties, was approved after hours of debate and filibustering on or around July 13, 2026.
Proponents argue the law recognizes Torah study as central to Jewish heritage and equates dedicated religious scholarship with national service.
Critics, including opposition parties, legal experts, IDF officials, and reservists, contend it undermines equality by potentially shielding Haredi yeshiva students from military conscription at a time when the IDF faces severe manpower shortages due to ongoing conflicts.
The bill represents a major victory for coalition partners Shas and United Torah Judaism but has strained relations within the government and drawn sharp rebukes from secular Israelis and military leaders who argue it prioritizes one sector over the collective defense burden.
Legal advisers noted the practical implications remain unclear, yet opponents fear it sets a dangerous precedent for using Basic Laws to resolve political disputes.
The controversy highlights deep societal rifts in Israel between religious and secular communities, especially as the country grapples with prolonged wars and economic pressures.
Demonstrations and public outcry preceded the vote, with some reservists threatening further protests.
As the law takes effect, debates continue over its long-term effects on military readiness, social cohesion, and Israel’s identity as both a Jewish and democratic state.
The passage has intensified calls for broader conscription reforms and constitutional clarity.
